大学英语翻译练习（第二讲）

第二讲 抓主谓结构

这是理清原文结构，搭建译文整体框架的关键。譬如下面这样一道题：
考题实例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. （2001）
此句中的主、谓、宾结构为：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world；皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究人员的成果；
目的状语为：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar（用以）编制一个独特的新技术千年历；
两个定语从句分别为：calendar that gives the latest dates列出了最迟日期的千年历，和the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place我们可以期待的数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期（知道它们何时将会发生）。
进行上述结构分析之后，我们便可以顺着原文的语序来翻译出此句：
皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，历中列出了人们可望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
再如下面一例：
考题实例：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）
此句为由连词and连接而成的并列句，其并列主谓结构为：The role of natural selection…was formulated …, and the selective role of …is only beginning to …自然选择的作用被阐明，而选择作用则刚刚开始……。其余成分分别为定语和状语。其中in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual为the selective role的状语。经过结构分析、调整，我们可得出以下译文：
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在100多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

翻译下面句子：
1.假如老板发现你经常在办公室打私人长途电话，他准会很生气。

2．我通宵用功，生怕通不过考试。

3。How many of us attending a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be active in the discussion?

请找出这句句子的主句与修饰成分，如果有时间再翻译一下.

1. (1) The boss would be angry if he should discover you often make personal long distance calls in the office.
(2) The boss would hit the roof if he should ever find out you often make private long distance calls in the office.

2. (1) For fear that I might not be able to pass the exam, I studied all night.
(2) I studied all night so I wouldn't fail the test.
(3) I studied all night because I feared failing the test.

3.如果让我们参加一个与自身无关的会议 ，那么我们中有多少人会积极参与讨论呢？
主句：how many of us would be active in the discussion?
修饰成分：attending a meeting 修饰 us
that is irrelevant to us修饰meeting