大学英语语法词汇（五）
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be 不定式结构
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如：
There‘s to be an investigation.
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如：
The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：
You are to stand here. Do you understand？
Tell her she‘s not to be back late.
一般现在时也可表达将来时间，常见于条件状
语和时间状语从句。例如：
If she comes， I‘ll tell her all about it.
Wait here till the meeting is over.
It won‘t be long before the rain stops.
近义词辨析
begin， commence， initiate， launch， start
这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。
The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。
commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。
initiate指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
launch指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动，行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。
Start与stop构成反义用法，指从一特定地点出发，由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin.
They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。
全真模拟试题
1. ______ in the past， at the moment it is a favorite
choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been
2. ______ for a long time， the fields are all dried up.
A. There has been no rain
B. Having no rain
C. There having been no rain
D. There being no rain
3. The millions of calculations involved， ______ by hand， would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had they been done
B. they had been done
C. having been done
D. they were done
4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment
______。
A. which they are happening
B. they are happening
C. which they happen
D. they have happened
5. ______ me most was that the young boy who had lost
both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
A. That amazed B. It amazed
C. Which amazed D. What amazed
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very
young， ______ she was twentyfive.
A. her first real success did not come until
B. her real first success came until not
C. since her first real success did not come until
D. not until her first real success
7. You should know better than ______ your little sis
ter at home by herself.
A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later， we ______
grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well B. just as well
C. might as well D. as well
9. She resorted to ______ when she had no money to buy
foods for her children.
A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing
10. The boy has admitted to ______ the window while playing football yesterday.
A. breaking B. having been broken
C. break D. be breaking
11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets _____in transit.
A. misused B. mishandled C. mistaken D. mislaid
12. ______ money， she is quite rich. However， this does not mean that she is happy.
A. Concerning B. As to
C. In terms of D. In the light of
13. A wellwritten composition ______ good choice of
words and clear organization among other things.
A. calls for B. calls on C. calls up D. calls off
14. It is ______ with the customer not to let the shop
assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
A. in her honor B. on her honor
C. a point of honor D. an honor
15. This house will probably come on the ______ next month.
A. fair B. market C. shop D. store
16. George was introduced to ______ activities at a young age， when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.
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