英语讲义(108)及物动词不需要介词

在英语错误中，“及物动词＋介词＋宾语”（transitive verb preposition object），是常见的一种。所谓及物动词，就是谓语动词（predicative verb），不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的，不及物动词（intransitive verb）是不带宾语的。有许多动词，虽然性质是及物的，但不一定要有宾语，如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形：

　　①a. We study every day.
　　　b. Do you study English every day.

　　②a. Please write clearly next time.
　　　b. Can you write your composition now?

　　如果本质上就是不及物动词，就不会有宾语；若要宾语，就要借介词之助，一起连用才行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的；

　　*③a. The children are listening the music.
　　　b. The children are listening to the music.

　　*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
　　　b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

　　反之，及物动词不必靠介词，就可以带宾语，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和⑥：　
　　⑤ John is giving a book to me.
　　⑥ Who will answer this question?

　　如果无意中把介词加上，就错了，如：　
　　*⑦ Who will answer to this question?

　　下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子，也犯了同样的错：

　　“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

　　“Awaiting”是个及物动词，后面的介词“for”是多余的，要去掉；不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行。

　　许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面，然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：　
　　⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
　　⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.
　　⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

　　显然的，这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

　　下面是些类似的错误：　
　　● The young must obey to their elders.
　　● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
　　● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
　　● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
　　● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
　　● When did Susan marry with Paul?

　　介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。

　　为什么会有这些错误呢？主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次，就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。

　　第一，要把“及物动词＋宾语”和“不及物动词＋介词＋宾语”划分清楚，如：　
　　I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
　　He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

　　第二，把及物动词转化为名词，然后加上适当的介词和宾语，如：　
　　Don't approach such a person.
　　Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?