语法试题的干扰项分析和答题技巧一

　　A. wondered 　　B. wonder 　　C. to wonder 　　D. wondering
　　⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.（1997.1）
　　A. cheating 　　B. cheat 　　C. to cheat 　　D. to be cheating
　　⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house， with the
　　audience _____ on benches， chairs or boxes.（2000.1）
　　A. having seated 　　B. seating 　　C. seated　　 D. having been seated
　　考查涉及到感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。
　　have， make， let， leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。
　　regard类后面的宾语补足语
　　with独立分句后面的
　　常用动词后面的宾语补足语。
　　6） 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
　　表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
　　① The house was very quiet， ____ as it was on the side of the
　　mountain.（1999.6）
　　A. isolated 　　B. isolating 　　C. being isolated 　　D. having been isolated
　　② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police，mainly because not all victims report them.（2000.6）
　　A. unrecorded 　　B. to be unrecorded 　　C. unrecording 　　D. to have been unrecorded
　　分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go， feel，seem， look， remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
　　7） to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
　　to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：
　　① I have no objection _______ your story again.（2000.6）
　　A. to hear 　　B. to hearing 　　C. to having heard 　　D. to have heard
　　② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller， more easily managed problems.（1996.6）
　　A. to dealing 　　B. in dealing 　　C. dealing 　　D. to deal
　　③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager
　　of the company.（1997.6）
　　A. have told 　　B. be told 　　C. being told 　　D. having told
　　这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。
　　8） 分词前连词的使用
　　分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况
　　（1）根据连词选择适当的分词形式
　　Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.（1995.1）
　　A. scolding 　　B. to scold 　　C. having scolded 　　D. scolded
　　when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D.
　　（2）根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
　　Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of
　　patient do not take drugs ___ directed.（1996.1）
　　A. like 　　B. so 　　C. which 　　D. as
　　由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as.
　　9） 非谓语动词的体
　　非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done， having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。
　　动名词的体也有having done， having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。
　　不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend， happen， seem， appear， be said to等结构中。如：
　　① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.（1997.6）
　　A. have told 　　B. be told 　　C. being told 　　D. having told
　　having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
　　② I'd rather read than watch television； the programs seem ____ all the time.（1997.1）
　　A. to get worse 　　B. to be getting worse 　　C. to have got worse 　　D. getting worse
　　从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。
　　③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.（1995.1）
　　A. being delivered 　　B. was delivered 　　C. be delivered 　　D. having been delivered
　　该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D.
　　10）动名词复合结构
　　动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
　　① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents
　　wished for.（1999.1）
　　A. The girl was educated 　　B. The girl educated
　　C. The girl's being educated　　 D. The girl to be educated
　　本题涉及题眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for（for the girl to be educated），B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。
　　② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
　　A. there being a chance 　　B. there to be a chance
　　C. there be a chance 　　D. being a chance
　　介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
　　③ I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

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