大学英语三级课程学习指导资料（三）

Passage 4

1 From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.
2 With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement.
3 One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an ant-arctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.
1. In the first paragraph, we are told that ____.
A. we should always read good books, not bad ones
B. happiness can be derived only from reading
C. enjoyment and satisfaction can be achieved by reading good books
D. reading good books is very important in human life
2. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?
A. No one has come to disturb you. B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you.
C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.
D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.
3. According to the writer, ____ portrayed in books may become our companions and friends.
A. all characters, real and imaginary B. only real characters
C. only imaginary characters D. none of the characters
4. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?
A. They resemble human friends exactly. B. They are unfamiliar types we like.
C. They never desert us. D. They never hurt our feelings.
5. Which of the following is true?
A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books.
B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading.
C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life.
D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.
6. The phrase "to travel by book" means ____.
A. "to take books with you when you are going on a journey
B. "books will help you avoid accidents in traveling"
C. "to take imaginary journeys to the places mentioned in the book
D. "books will save you a lot of money on traveling"
7. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that ____.
A. in books the world is more accessible to us B. we can ask to go anywhere in the world
C. we can make a claim to everything in this world
D. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge

Passage 5

1 When Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant(移植) in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics(道德) of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die (or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival(生存) of the donor(捐赠者) were somewhat diminished(减少/小) because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve(储备). Nevertheless, the donor would certainly not necessarily die.